." March is Women’s History Month—To celebrate, we’re sharing the store of Florence Kelley, a woman who’s responsible for many of the seemingly basic work-rights we have today. In a moment of weakness, I agreed to write something about my aunt Florence Kelley Worgan for the Historical Society’s project on Little Compton women. Kelley was one of eight children in her family, but half died in infancy or childhood, and she was the sole daughter to survive. The mother was working alone, and employed no one else, in her own bedroom. Kelley did not live to witness Perkins's achievement, nor many of the workplace changes that she herself had spent her career working to enact. She was the only girl to survive to adulthood, one of her sisters, Anna, living until the age … Although they divorced and she reassumed the name of Kelley for herself and her children, she retained her title of "Mrs.". Goldmark, Josephine. (Socialism is an economic system in which the means of production and distribution is owned collectively by all the workers and there is no private property or social classes.) But before 1920, the only constitutional restriction prohibited states from barring voters on the basis of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude. "Florence Kelly Her father, William Darrah Kelley, was a local judge. Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved January 12, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/kelley-florence. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995. xviii + 436 pp. Development of the Industrial U.S. Reference Library. Document 10: "Florence Kelley's Testimony on the Sweating System," Report and Findings of the Joint Committee to Investigate the "Sweat Shop" System (Springfield, Illinois: H.W. 1938. At 128 Ewing street I found a diphtheria notice posted, and the patient suffering on the ground floor, in a rear room, with cloaks being finished in the room in front, and knee pants in the room overhead. We thank them for their bravery and refusal to back down in the face of brutal opposition from many forces and we celebrate with them this 100th Anniversary of the 19th Amendment as we enjoy and take in all that this exhibit has to offer. Spring | 2017. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1973. Somehow my brief expanded to include write-ups about my great-grandmother, the original Florence Kelley, aka ”Granny,” for whom… Kelley, Florence (1859–1932)First factory inspector in Illinois and general secretary of the National Consumers' League, who fought against child labor and promoted safer working conditions for all laborers. Throughout history, women suffered. Lloyd worked for the Chicago Tribune, the newspaper started by his father-in-law, and he and his wife took in Kelley and her children. A year later Congress also passed the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act. When she found her efforts to enforce the child labor law and the compulsory education law frustrated by uncooperative city attorneys, she decided to study law. Among her extensive list of accomplishments, however, Kelley claimed she was proudest of the 1921 Sheppard-Towner Act. Florence Kelley was one of eight children, six girls and two boys, one set of twins. Refer to each style’s convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. During the 1920s Kelley came to realize that progressive political reform in the United States, popular in the pre-World War I (1914–1918) era, had changed; the United States had become more politically conservative. Chicago's dailies began publishing alarming accounts of toddlers infected with smallpox—a deadly contagious disease that caused high fever and a widespread rash—crawling near coats destined for the upscale Chicago department store Marshall Field's. Because of her previous experience, in 1892 Kelley was hired as a special agent for the Illinois Bureau of Labor Statistics. It was created by an act of President William Howard Taft (1857–1930; served 1909–13) in 1912. Jun 15, 2015 - The Panic of 1893 was a true and severe financial panic lasting from May of 1893 to November, 1893, with a run on currency, and banks closing, and businesses and manufacturers not being able to open because they had not cash to pay workers or buy materials. □. and Consumers League regarding the working conditions of the people who made clothing Florence Kelley as sketched by journalist Marguerite Martyn, 1910 In founding the National Consumers League in 1899, one of Kelley's primary concerns was that the league oppose sweatshop labor. Development of the Industrial U.S. Reference Library. She lived at the Henry Street Settlement House and worked with numerous reformers and reform organizations for minimum wage laws, woman's suffrage, and Federal aid for mothers and babies. The book also serves as a political history of the United States during a period of transforming change when women worked to end the abuses of unregulated industrial capitalism. Florence Kelley We have, in this country, two million children under the age of sixteen years who are earning their bread. "For many years the system of tenement-house cigar manufacture has formed one of the…, Addams, Jane (1860–1935) In 1891, Florence Kelley moved to Chicago, taking her children with her, and divorced her husband. MIA > Archive > Draper > E.R.A. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois, 1953. She was the younger of two children. The nonfiction work described in horrific detail the living and working conditions of the Industrial Revolution's labor class and raised public awareness that some government regulation of business was needed. (January 12, 2021). 12 Jan. 2021 . As many are aware, 2020 marks the 100th anniversary of women’s right to vote in the United States. The work of the National Consumers League is making a difference in people’s lives across the country. The National Consumers League, led by the towering reformer Florence Kelley, was a leading voice for women’s suffrage long before ratification of the 19th Amendment. Encyclopedia of World Biography. Kathryn Kish Sklar, Florence Kelley and the Nation's Work: The Rise of Women's Political Culture, 1830–1900. Therefore, it’s best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publication’s requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. They are supplied bad, tattered, or rotten clothing, adulterated [contaminated because of inferior ingredients] and indigestible food. Linn, James Weber. She then studied at the University of Zurich, where she was influenced by Marxist thought. Booth's work was the first to use the term "poverty line," which was the minimum income needed by a household to live decently. When he was just 20 years old, he took part in an NCL research project that revealed that management practices within the fast food chain were putting workers—and food safety for customers—at risk. Florence Kelley was a passionate crusader for workers' rights in an era when there was almost no federal or state regulation to protect them. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/kelley-florence-0, "Kelley, Florence Jane Addams: A Biography. She was the first official inspector of factories in the state of Illinois, and she fought for the establishment of the Children's Bureau to protect the health and safety of the underage. Introduction: Florence Kelley was a social reformer and political activist who defended the rights of working women and children. Continuing poor health forced Kelley to take time off from Cornell, but she eventually earned her undergraduate degree in literature in 1882. . In 1920, American democracy dramatically expanded when the newly ratified 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibited the states from denying the vote on the basis of sex. Kelley was born on September 12, 1859, into a prominent Philadelphia family. (January 12, 2021). Kelley considered herself a socialist, though she was not involved in the Socialist party. Cincinnati resident Charles, 45, lost his computer business — and health insurance— during a time of economic downturn. It wasnt just women, children suffered too. She wrote Some Ethical Gains through Legislation (1905) and helped establish what became known as the "Brandeis brief" (named for Justice Louis D. Brandeis), a process of integrating facts and experiences in legal action to demonstrate the need for changing laws according to human realities. Nov 17, 2014 - Florence Kelley was a pioneer in the field of social work. Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History. Excerpt from "Tenement-House Cigar Manufacture" "The facts of Florence Kelley's life speak directly and eloquently, and Kathryn Kish Sklar has added richly to the history of women who have done, as she puts it, the nation's work. . It became mandatory. Paige, 55, a Nashville wife and mother of two, answered an employment ad for secret shoppers. Quakers are members of the Religious Society of Friends, a Christian group noted for its opposition to war, oath taking, and rituals. By the time that work was published, Kelley and her husband had moved to America and settled in New York City. Florence Kelley, the Making of a Social Pioneer. Retrieved January 12, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/kelley-florence-0. Nation (June 5, 1995): p. 797. His Life and Labour of the People of London surveyed that city's districts and examined living conditions in much detail. Five of the children died, including both twins, some as infants, some when they were older. Florence Kelley is a social and political activist who made significant contributions to work and labour standards for factory workers and children—Read on to learn more about her incredible life. This masterful biography by one of America's foremost historians of women tells the story of Florence Kelley, a leading reformer in the Progressive Era. "Kelley, Florence Addams, Jane (1860–1935) Law and the Shaping of the American Labor Movement. "Florence Kelly In 1905, with novelists Upton Sinclair (1878–1968) and Jack London (1876–1916), she became a cofounder of the Intercollegiate Socialist Society. She is the author of Catharine Beecher, and has edited The Social Survey in Historical Perspective, Women and Power in American History, and U.S. History as Women's History. Rokker, 1893), pp. Florence Louise Hall was born in Michigan in 1888. Florence Nightingale was born on May 12, 1820, in Florence, Italy. Florence Kelley (1859–1932) never saw the fruits of her efforts to agitate on behalf of working women and children in the United States. Florence Kelley; American History > Women's Suffrage > Florence Kelley Primary Sources Florence Kelley. If the population of great cities is too dense in general, it is they in particular who are packed into the least space. After a year spent conducting evening classes for working women in Philadelphia , she traveled to Europe, where she attended the University of Zürich. One of the founders of the Republican Party in Pennsylvania, he was elected to Congress in 1860 and served in Washington, D.C., for thirty years. In a moment of weakness, I agreed to write something about my aunt Florence Kelley Worgan for the Historical Society’s project on Little Compton women. The findings, published in 1895 as Hull-House Maps and Papers, became a valuable historic source for data on Chicago's ethnic communities. She studied at Cornell University and the University of Zurich. Retrieved January 12, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/florence-kelly. ." This bill authorized the establishment of partnership programs between the federal government and states' public health departments to reduce maternal and infant mortality (death) rates. Courtesy of the Kelley family. New Deal"> While living and studying with her husband, Florence came into contact with a number of European socialists. Florence Kelley And Women's Political Culture From 1900 1930 book. Before sending payment to the scammers, she reached out to NCL. "When subordinates asked [Perkins] how she should be addressed, s…, Gompers, Samuel It was modeled after a piece of draft legislation that Kelley had written herself. Florence Kelley (1859-1932), American social worker and reformer, fought successfully for child labor laws and improved conditions for working women. Congressman from Philadelphia, and his second wife Caroline Bonsall. . She also personally examined more than a thousand shops during a smallpox epidemic in Chicago, ensuring that contaminated garments of clothing were discarded. Encyclopedia.com. . AbeBooks.com: Florence Kelley and the Nation's Work: The Rise of Women`s Political Culture, 1830-1900 (9780300072853) by Sklar, Kathryn Kish and a great selection of similar New, Used and Collectible Books available now at great prices. Florence Kelley. After her divorce, while raising her three children, she began to put her ideas together with her work life. For a time she taught night school courses for women in Philadelphia and then entered the University of Zurich in Switzerland, which was one of the few institutions at the time that would grant a doctorate degree to a woman. All industry, public transportation, and utilities would be run by the government; citizens would enjoy equal access to free housing, health care, and education; and eventually a classless society would arise. Kelley and Engels corresponded regularly thereafter for several years, and Kelly was deeply influenced by Engels' socialist ideas. She returned to New York City and was active in another well-known settlement house, Henry Street, until the mid-1920s. Date Description 1859 Born to William Darrah Kelley and Caroline Bartram (Bonsall) Kelley in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1882 Graduates from Cornell University 1883 Leaves for a tour of Europe in 1883 and enrolls in the University of Zurich 1883 Begins her study of law and government at the University of Zurich 1884 Marries medical student Lazare Wischnewetzky 1885 Son Nicholas is born … Between the Civil War and World War I, the United States experienced great economic changes, ultimately emerging as an industrial power. (January 12, 2021). They are deprived of all enjoyments except that of sexual indulgence and drunkenness, are. The first edition of The Conditions of the Working-class in England in 1844 was published in the original German in 1845. Kelley later wrote the Modern Industry in Relation to the Family, Health, Education, Morality (1914) and a compilation, The Supreme Court and Minimum Wage Legislation (1925). Florence Kelley died in 1921. One student she impressed and became a mentor to was a 1910 Columbia University graduate, Frances Perkins (1807–1965). Several months later Roosevelt was elected to the White House, and among the sweeping changes that came during his historic New Deal period of labor and economic reform was a 1937 minimum-wage law for women and children.